Quantitative risk assessment Essay Example for Free

Quantitative hazard evaluation Essay Monte-Carlo recreation is done utilizing an enormous number of calculations, utilizing a PC, with irregular data sources. This strategy is especially helpful with regards to â€Å"predicting† the result a perplexing projection. Commonly, the Monte-Carlo reenactment is valuable while anticipating the result of a huge number between related elements that are â€Å"uncertain†. Predictivity utilizing Monte-Carlo reenactment is unmistakably increasingly precise where factors viable are many, unsure and irregular. For this specific explanation, utilizing Monte-Carlo reproduction for this examination is the best decision as there are numerous dubious elements that should be broke down for processing a hazard evaluation. In this examination, the initial step starts with the creation of meat and finishes with wellbeing impacts that meat can most likely prompt in devouring subjects. There is an enormous interchange of unsure elements, and the whole natural pecking order model proposed in the examination has inalienable fluctuation across most levels. 2. What remark would you make about the wellspring of information utilized for the grouping of E. coli in cows defecation? Commonness and convergence of E. Coli in cows fecal issue was utilized to survey the degree of defilement of the meat. The degree of tainting of the meat is a pointer to the plausible introduction that an expending subject might have, to E. Coli. Centralization of E. Coli in steers fecal issue is straightforwardly identified with factors like irregularity, land properties, and taking care of practices. Be that as it may, the information identified with convergence of E. Coli in the dairy cattle fecal issue was built without thought for these elements. Information utilized for convergence of E. Coli in fecal issue was gotten utilizing advancement strategies. The outcomes show a wide bipolar variety, from as low as imperceptible E. Coli levels to as much as 5. 0 log10 CFU/g. The information for commonness of E. Coli in dairy cattle fecal issue was acquired from recently held examinations. Nonetheless, just information from those investigations was utilized, that principally planned for distinguishing E. Coli predominance rates in steers fecal issue for hamburger that was as far as anyone knows scheduled for human utilization. 3. What remark would you make about the accompanying: †¢ demonstrating the dispersion of excrement on corpse as Uniform? Butchering perpetually makes the fecal issue interact with the meat. Cleaning a body will prompt sullying of presented meat because of contact with the cover up. Albeit, fecal issue is the fundamental wellspring of bacterial store, the nature and number of specialists that can straightforwardly or by implication partake as debasing operators is unsure. In any case, the centralization of E. Coli in fecal issue is legitimately corresponding to the degree of meat pollution. The dissemination of fecal issue on cadaver surface is lopsided. A weakening element was utilized as a model improvement. †¢ displaying fecal tainting just on the cadaver surface? As a reality, E. Coli are available in the fecal issue yet not inside red meat. Sullying of red meat, along these lines, happens just when fecal issue interacts with it. This will normally occur during butchering, and the accompanying procedures like bundling and cutting. Consequently fecal defilement has been displayed distinctly on the remains surface. 4. Quickly (under 500 words), examine the items of common sense and likely achievement of executing every one of the proposed theoretical alleviation methodologies in the paper. The creator has proposed three speculative hazard moderation systems for chance decrease. In any case, the procedures have been proposed to diminish chance according to referenced figures, expecting that the technique is being executed and the ideal objective is being accomplished. For example, the main technique of managing stockpiling temperature control standards demonstrates a diminished hazard to over 80%. For all intents and purposes, this methodology can for sure reason a huge hazard decrease however a convention should be built up that fuses all the degrees of the proposed meat cold-chain, beginning right from the ranch to the retailer. Indeed, even with a solid lawmaking body to ensure this procedure works, it should be assessed how far would this system end up being for all intents and purposes enforceable. With unequivocal lawmaking body, a decent consistence can be normal out of this methodology and evidently this technique is undeniably increasingly practicable, and could demonstrate fruitful. Pre-butcher screening proposes to decrease chance by over 46%. Nonetheless, more factors like taking care of practices, land areas, and occasional variety (that influence E. Coli fecal burden) need to considered, before a distinct â€Å"control† level can be instated to preclude butchers for creatures that have in excess of a specific degree of bacterial fecal focus. The purchaser data program, in spite of the fact that with a hazard decrease of 16%, is unquestionably a significant level wherein legitimate mediation can drastically diminish E. Coli related wellbeing dismalness. Despite the fact that foreseen chance decrease is just 16%, straightforward estimates like sufficient special apparatuses, could essentially expand hazard decrease through mass correspondence; the greatest impediment in any case, is that consistence for this situation can't be discovered, nor enforceable. Remembering the down to earth restrictions of every one of these systems, a judicious methodology would include use of all the three methodologies in conjunct, to guarantee more serious hazard decrease. A valid justification for this methodology is that because of the dubious idea of the considerable number of components engaged with E. Coli defilement and conveyance to expending host, it shows up very hard to decide the individual intensity of every one of these components, and they would effectively stay relative qualities. ‘Evaluation of MRSA Select, another chromogenic mode for the identification of nasal carriage of methicillin-safe Staphylococcus aureus’ 1. What is the ‘gold standard’ used to evaluate the affectability and explicitness and so on of the diverse indicative tests? The affectability and explicitness of a specific symptomatic test should be evaluated before the test viable can be utilized for handy purposes, to guarantee that the outcomes got are exact, and of result. A â€Å"gold standard†, subsequently, is a flat out, against which results from a specific symptomatic test are analyzed. The best quality level, likewise called as the standard casing of reference, is an ideal test for the given condition, and is 100% touchy and explicit too. 2. Is the ‘gold standard’ the equivalent for the entirety of the tests? Inside the setting of this paper, the highest quality level utilized is same for all the tests. The best quality level utilized is ID of methicillin safe S. Aureus, from nasal swabs of patients, affirmed for the mecA quality utilizing PCR. 3. Can the tests be thought about along these lines? Truly, the tests can be analyzed along these lines. Similar examples (n) were exposed to various development mediums, to find out the nearness of MRSA. Every one of these media were explicitly intended to advance the development of MRSA. Thus, contingent upon the developments appeared by these changed media, results can be drawn and thought about. 4. Are the authors’ ends substantial? I believe that the author’s ends are substantial. In spite of the fact that, PCR will remain the highest quality level in finding out nearness of MRSA, the utilization of this methodology, to remain essentially enforceable, is very constraining. For example, considering the sheer number of tests that a urban network clinic needs to deal with regularly, utilizing PCR for all occasions may not be doable all the occasions. In this situation, utilizing basic tissue culture methods would end up being increasingly alluring, particularly with quicker outcomes and low costs; like utilizing the MRSA Select that will give results inside 24 hours with an affectability and explicitness over 99%. In addition, effortlessness of the test requires no intricate range of abilities, particularly contrasted and taking care of PCR methods. References 1. Fishman, G. S. (1995). Monte Carlo: Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications. New York: Springer 2. Ringer, B. P. , Goldoft, M. , Griffin, P. M. , Davis, M. S. , Gordon, D. C. , Tarr, P. I. , Bartleson, C. A. , Lewis, J. H. , Barret, T. J. , Wells, J. G. , Baron, R. , Kobayashi, J. , (1994). A multistate episode of Escherichia coli O157:H7-related grisly looseness of the bowels and hemolytic uremic condition from cheeseburgers: the Washington experience. J. Am. Medications. Assoc. 3. Vose, D. , (1996). Quantitative hazard investigation: A manual for Monte Carlo reproduction displaying. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester England. 4. USDA:APHIS:VS. , 1994a. E. coliO157:H7 issues and repercussions. Habitats for Epidemiology and Animal Health, U. S. Branch of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO. 5. Gehlbach SH. (1993) Interpretation: affectability, explicitness, and prescient worth. In: Gehlbach SH, ed. Deciphering the clinical writing. New York: McGraw-Hill 6. Apfalter P, Assadian O, Kalczyk An, et al. (2002) Performance of another chromogenic oxacillin opposition screen medium (Oxoid) in the recognition and possible distinguishing proof of methicillin-safe Staphylococcus aureus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis;44:209â€11. 7. Murakami K, Minamide W, Wada K, Nakamura E, Teraoka, H, Watanabe S. (1991) Identification of methicillin-safe strains of staphylococci by polymerase chain response. J Clin Microbiol;29:2240â€4. 8. Safdar N, Narans L, Gordon B, Maki DG. (2003) Comparison of culture screening strategies for discovery of nasal carriage of methicillin safe Staphylococcus aureus: an imminent report contrasting 32 techniques. J Clin Microbiol;41:3163â€6.

Portfolio essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Portfolio - Essay Example I have learned something other than factious composing procedures. In my portfolio, I have included specialized composition, explanatory composition and abstract analysis, among different structures. For example, I have utilized descriptive writing in an article I composed titled â€Å"what occurs in Saudi Arabia each hour?† This can be displayed by the way that I have given a back story or foundation data about Saudi Arabia in my starting section. I have endeavored to investigate top to bottom the complexity between the truth in Saudi Arabia and the apparent picture that a great many people may have about Saudi Arabia. Numerous individuals round the world are misguided and regard Saudi Arabia as a terrible and an inhabitable spot. In my exposition, I have explained in the great and the terrible with respect to the nation. Moreover, I have explained the way that passings from street mishaps in Saudi Arabia have been on the ascent by giving insights from earlier years to help my proposal. I utilized research in this paper to fuse outside data into my investigation that underpins the theme I was managing. The evaluation produced using the examination I did when composing the exposition stays one of my preferred pieces of the paper. I have deliberately watched reports by Joffe Walts on how a large portion of the mishaps in Saudi Arabia for the most part asserted the lives youth more than some other gathering. The insights demonstrated that street mishaps were the main source of most demise among Saudi Arabian grown-up guys. The females are saved as the general public prohibits ladies from driving vehicles. Through the end to the article that I composed, I am in a superior position currently to incite the considerations of perusers using facetious inquiries in regards to insights of the loss of life from street mishaps. The peruser is constrained into thought when perusing the facetious inquiries utilized. This article has made an intentional endeavor to exhibits my aptitudes as to summing up, inside and out examination and arrangement of

Tourettes Syndrome and OCD

Tourettes Syndrome and OCD OCD Related Conditions Print Tourettes Syndrome and OCD Tourettes Syndrome Is Often Associated With OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Updated on April 19, 2019 Hero Images/Getty Images More in OCD Related Conditions Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Living With OCD In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Prevalence Causes Treatment View All Back To Top Tourette’s syndrome is named after French neurologist Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who first described the disorder in 1885. This childhood-onset movement disorder is often associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit disorder (ADHD), and other disorders. In fact, 86% of children with Tourettes syndrome also have at least one other behavioral, mental, or developmental condition, and the most common of these are OCD and ADHD. Symptoms The main symptom associated with Tourette’s syndrome is the presence of tics. Tics are sudden, brief, involuntary or semi-voluntary movements or sounds. Motor Tics Simple motor tics involve only a single muscle or group of muscles and can be brief (eye-blinking or nose twitching), prolonged (shoulder turning or mouth opening) or sustained for a long period of time (extending or flexing a limb).Complex motor tics are more involved and often resemble normal movement such as jumping, hitting, throwing or touching; however, they often occur in inappropriate settings or include inappropriate or obscene gestures. These complex motor tics can cause considerable embarrassment for the affected person. Sound or Phonic Tics Simple phonic tics are usually meaningless noises or utterances. Common examples include blowing, coughing, throat clearing, grunting, sniffing, or hiccuping.Complex phonic tics are words or phrases that include obscenities, echoing what others say, and repeating one’s own statements. Tics can be suppressed and usually improve when the child is distracted; however, they can reappear anytime. The Downside of Suppressing Tics Suppressing tics for a long period of time can actually lead to a dramatic increase in tics later on. Many patients report physical discomfort just before carrying out a tic. Affected children will execute the tic over and over again until it feels “just right.” Prevalence Tourette’s syndrome is relatively rare, occurring in less than 1% of the population. It is five times more common among males than females and usually begins between 8 and 10 years of age. For most children, symptoms tend to improve by the end of adolescence with a small number becoming symptom-free. Many children with Tourette’s also have ADHD, OCD and other psychiatric problems, such as depression or social phobia. Other behavioral problems common to children with Tourette’s syndrome are poor impulse control, inability to control anger, inappropriate sexual aggressiveness, and antisocial behavior. Causes As tics and associated illnesses like OCD improve with medications that alter the brain neurochemicals  serotonin and dopamine, it has been speculated that Tourette’s syndrome may be partially the result of abnormalities in the communication of these neurochemicals. In addition, many studies have noted abnormalities within an area of the brain called the basal ganglia (an area important to the initiation and cessation of movement) among people with Tourette’s syndrome. Genes may also play a role in developing Tourette’s syndrome. Close relatives of individuals with Tourette’s syndrome often have tics, OCD or ADHD. Treatment Behavioral treatments that aim to improve social functioning, self-esteem, and quality of life are the first-line treatment strategy for Tourette’s syndrome. Common behavior therapies include cognitive-behavior therapy and relaxation therapy. Involving parents, teachers, and classmates in the efforts is often essential for effective treatment. If the child is severely affected or engaging in self-harming behavior, medication may be needed. Medications that are effective for treating the symptoms of Tourette’s syndrome include atypical antipsychotics, such as Haldol (haloperidol) and Orap (pimozide), and atypical antipsychotics, such as Risperdal (risperidone) and Zyprexa (olanzapine). When symptoms of OCD, anxiety, and depression are present, treatment may also include antidepressants, such as Prozac (fluoxetine) or Anafranil (clomipramine). Be sure to discuss which treatment options may be best with your doctor.

Supply Chain Management Operations Management Essay

Supply Chain Management: Operations Management Introduction Operations Management is the term we use for the management of the resources necessary to produce and deliver the products and services required by customers. These resources include labour, materials and capital equipment. The following definition reflects the nature of Operations management: Operations management is about the way organizations produce goods and services. Everything you wear, eat, sit on, use, read or knock about on the sports field comes to you courtesy of the operations managers who organized its production. Every book you borrow from the library, every treatment you receive at the hospital, every service you expect in the shops and every lecture you†¦show more content†¦The management challenge is to ensure that customers requirements are met while at the same time ensuring that the operating system is run efficiently The role of the operations manager is invaluable to achieve an efficient resource utilisation and provide hight-quality service response level. The objectives of operations managers include: producing required quantities of items to quality and on time, at acceptable financial and social costs, with good sales price, and an acceptable ROI with flexibility to adjust to demands. The operations manager has a key role in developing the processes for making and supporting a product. He can re-design processes. Restructuring programmes can be introduced as some production plants are closed and others upgraded. New technologies and working practices are introduced. Service Operations Organizations can produce goods and services. When we speak about Barclays Bank or a Restaurant, both are services. When personal service is offered the customer reaction is more immediate and less predictable, so such systems demand more control. The degree of customer contact and reaction affects system efficiency. In services productivity is more difficult to measure and quality involves more subjective assessment. Process Transformations In all stages of product planning Operations Management is a central activity in organizing things: design of a new product, forecasting outputs,Show MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management And Operation Management1374 Words   |  6 Pages1) Definition of the scope Supply chain management and operation management have become integral components as far as organizational competitiveness is concerned. This paper will begin by offering a literature review about supply chain management and operations management. Then, the paper will explore various issues within the Airbus company and analyze the identified issues by apply SCOM concept. The paper will also identify specific best/worst practices in the Aerospace industry before offeringRead MoreSupply Chain Management And Operations Management747 Words   |  3 PagesPart I, Objective 1: Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Operations Management (OM) Supply chain management is the business of overseeing the flow of materials to manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. It is an external process that involves supply chain managers communicating with other vendors to ensure a product flows through the supply chain smoothly. Once a product reaches the consumer, it has already flowed through multiple organizations – these organizations collectively are referredRead MoreSupply Chain Management : Operations Management1204 Words   |  5 PagesSupply-chain management is an important consideration of Operations Management. In the past, many businesses only focused on the operations occurring within. Even today, business push to increase standards of performance and quality, create better marketing strategies, improve efficiency in the workplace, and hire and train employees as part of human resource strategy, among other ‘inside’ actions. However, it is a growing reality that there are other ‘outside ’ factors and stakeholders in the finalRead MoreOperation and Supply Chain Management8662 Words   |  35 PagesOPERATION amp; SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Sec I- strategy amp; sustainability 1. 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Such suppliers are mentioned to include: maintenance firms, fuelRead MoreSupply Chain Management Strategy Planning And Operation Solution Manual1533 Words   |  7 PagesSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT STRATEGY PLANNING AND OPERATION SOLUTION MANUAL PDF Copyright  © 2014. All Right Reserved SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT STRATEGY PLANNING AND OPERATION SOLUTION MANUAL PDF Download: SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT STRATEGY PLANNING AND OPERATION SOLUTION MANUAL PDF Are you trying to find Ebook Supply Chain Management Strategy Planning And Operation Solution Manual PDF?. You will certainly enjoy to understand that today Ebook Supply Chain Management Strategy Planning And Operation SolutionRead MoreSupply Chain Management System at Ducati - the Position of Information Systems in Enhancing Management of Operation in the Supply Chain at Ducati Motor Holding S.P.A.2542 Words   |  11 PagesSupply Chain Management System at Ducati The position of Information Systems in enhancing management of operation in the supply chain at Ducati Motor Holding S.p.a. Report’s length: 1995 words, 9 pages. AUTHOR Andrea P.F. A. Table of Contents Executive summary ............................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction...............................................................................................Read MoreIHC distribution Center Operations Review on Supply Chain Management, Logistics, and Inventory.955 Words   |  4 PagesOperations Review on Waste Reduction, Cost Reduction and Process This memo will discuss the efficient ways that Supply Chain Management, Inventory, and Logistics have been successfully implemented in the Intermountain Healthcare Supply Chain Center. Peggy Lee, Card Program Manager at IHC led the tour in the Supply Chain Center. The goal of IHC distribution center is reduce waste, cost and centralized the high volume supplies in one location and distribute across all their facilities. This givesRead MoreOperations Management and Supply Chain Management1248 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion: How does Operations and Supply Chain Mgmt enhance company profitability? 1. Content 2. Charts and Graphs 3. Evidence to support your position 4. Examples that highlight your conclusion Table of Contents: I. Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 II. Operations Management and Profitability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 III. Supply Chain Management and Profitability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 IV. Examples/Case Studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreOperations and Supply Chain Management1804 Words   |  8 PagesWhen marketing, engineering, and operations simultaneously develop a process (cross -functional integration), this approach is known as __________ ________________. A) sequential process B) traditional approach C) concurrent engineering D) both A and B E) none of the above Feedback: C is the correct answer. Unlike the traditional serial or sequential approach, concurrent engineering uses cross-functional integration for concurrent development of a product

The Pitfall of Essay Topics for the Odyssey

The Pitfall of Essay Topics for the Odyssey The vital point of the activity is to continue going and earn more odyssey plans. Though the reading procedure may take 10 or more hours, it won't be boring. Sometimes one wants to invert the issue. Take Thief, for example. The Essay Topics for the Odyssey Stories Before asking, make sure to evaluate the source. Whatever topic you decide to write about, make certain it's at least interesting with you, and you'll do a good job. Mr. Frakes was a remarkable teacher. Updated information If you're a student, then you're totally known by the simple fact that while submitting essays to your teachers, you will need to be sure that there isn't any mistake. You shouldn't be able to establish the method by which the world responds to you, though. The person who develops in their environment based on the rules of their environment has the opportunity to control their environment. IoT help to cut back the costs by making a sensible atmosphere. In summary, VR technology help for faster and efficient knowledge transfer for those students. By abiding By the above-given hints you will readily attain an impactful argumentative essay. Techniques are developed that might help you change in case you really wished to. Taken holistically, the liberal arts education is devoted to the maturation of the creative. Science education specifically is a streak of drill-and-kill exercises to memorize formulas which make no intrinsic sense. Students often try to find the Odyssey paper topics on the net, and there's nothing weird about it. No other students will be permitted to select the exam early. Ok, I Think I Understand Essay Topics for the Odyssey, Now Tell Me About Essay Topics for the Odyssey! The small boy jerked up his head to get the origin of the voice. The students were staring at one another, trying to determine what he was saying. RYLA was the very best thing that happened to me last calendar year. Ask yourself the 5 questions each evening before sleeping so you're able to cover the whole moment. If that's the case, needless to say, the definition is an obstacle as opposed to a catalyst. It's far better to pick the very best. In addition, it contributes to accuracy to a larger exten t. The Most Popular Essay Topics for the Odyssey Odyssey essay can handle the analysis of main characters within this epic poem. Inspect the different versions of Odysseus that you see in The Odyssey. The Odyssey is thought to be one of the best literary achievements of Western civilization. It is one of the oldest pieces of literature, and one of the most beautiful and interesting. The reader can feel empathy for Achilles. Although it could be correlated, the editor doesn't say that it's, so it's only Carr's observation. While reading the most important body reader should delight in reading it, it should offer requisite details. For that, is critical to construct your vocabulary. Work on your vocabulary If your purpose is to be at the surface of your game and compose a winning academic essay, then you have to put forward your ideas clearly. The very first step to writing a masterpiece of a university application essay is inventing a topic. As a result, if you're somebody who is confused about essay writing, then it's advisable to you all that, before you commence writing any essay, go through the instruction.

A Summer Trainng Report on Recruitment Attrition Management Free Essays

string(30) " 1938 and the IRDA Act- 1999\." A Project Study Report On Training Undertaken at ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. LTD. Titled â€Å"Recruitment and Attrition Management† Submitted in partial fulfillment for the Award of degree of Master of Business Administration Submitted By: – Submitted To:- ANITA SINGHAL Ms. We will write a custom essay sample on A Summer Trainng Report on Recruitment Attrition Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sonali Singh Chauhan MBA Part 3rdLecturer of MBA Department 2011 – 2013 PREFACE Theoretical knowledge without practical knowledge is of little value. Theoretical studies in the classroom are not sufficient to understand the functioning of complex large sized organization. A student of management can have a theoretical knowledge, but he/she must have a practical knowledge too, so that he/she can be able to tackle the various problems that arise in business. Therefore, it becomes necessary for a management student to undergo any project work. Practical knowledge supplements the theoretical studies and covers all the possible area, which is left uncovered in classroom. A systematic practical training is necessary for a trainee to bring in him the confidence for job performance mental preparation which enables him to take up future job responsibility. It exposes student to invaluable treasure of experiences. I had received training at ICICI Prudential Insurance Co. Ltd. Jaipur (Raj. ), in the Recruitment and Attrition Management. During the training program, I got the opportunity to learn valuable things regarding management. It was my fortune to get the training in a very healthy atmosphere. The management of the company offered learning situation, sufficient facilities training opportunities to fulfill the objectives of training. The overall gain to me will be reflected in the report itself. This project has really exposed me to a far new world I sincerely hope that â€Å"ICICI Prudential Insurance Co. † will find my study equally valuable as I found it in shaping my career. Acknowledgement A research study cannot be completed without the help guidance of various individual institutions. I expressed my sincere thanks and gratitude to all those who made it possible for me to complete this report. With great pleasure and sincerity I wish to express my deepest sense of gratitude towards Mr. AMIT GOYAL (Branch Manager) for their valuable guidance and Practice suggestions and for patiently enduring my numerous queries I would highly thankful to Mr. Sudhanshu Shanker (Senior Manager Human Resources) who assigned this project to me and providing me the opportunity to complete this project with their guidance and experience. I wish to thank ICICI Prudential life Insurance Co. Jaipur, (Raj. ) for providing me an opportunity to work with them on this project. My stay in the organization has been a great learning experience. This exposure has greatly enriched me with knowledge. (ANITA SINGHAL) MBA – 3rd SEM Executive Summary Board of Directors: The ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited Board comprises reputed people from the finance industry both from India and abroad. Ms. Chanda D. Kochhar, Chairperson Mr. N. S. Kannan, Director Mr. K. Ramkumar, Director Mr. Barry Stowe, Director Mr. Adrian O’Connor, Director Mr. Keki Dadiseth, Independent Director Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam, Independent Director Ms. Rama Bijapurkar, Independent Director Mr. Vinod Kumar Dhall, Independent Direct INDEX Chapter NO. | | TOPIC| | PAGE NO. | 1| | INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY| | 7| 2| | INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANISATION| | 10| 3| | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY| | 33| | | 3. 1 TITLE OF THE STUDY| | 33| | | 3. 2 DURATION OF THE PROJECT| | 33| | | 3. 3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY| | 33| | | 3. 4 TYPE OF RESEARCH | | 34| | | 3. 5 SAMPLE SIZE AND METHOD OF SELECTING SAMPLE| | 35| | | 3. 6 SCOPE OF STUDY | | 35| | | 3. 7 LIMITATION OF STUDY| | 36| | | FACTS FINDINGS| | 38| 5| | DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION| | 40| 6| | SWOT ANALYSIS| | 54| 7| | CONCLUSION| | 57| 8| | RECOMMENDATION SUGGESTIONS| | 59| 9| | APPENDIX| | 62| 10| | BIBLIOGRAPHY| | 65| CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY Overview of the Life Insurance Sector in India: With largest number of life insurance policies in force in the world, Insurance happens to  be a mega opportunity in India. It’s a business growing at the rate of 15-20 per cent annually and  presently is of the order of Rs 450 billion. Together with banking services, it adds about 7 per  cent to the country’s GDP. Gross premium collection is nearly 2 per cent of GDP and funds available with LIC for investments are 8 per cent of GDP. Yet, nearly 80 per cent of Indian populations are without life insurance cover, health insurance and non-life insurance continue to be below international standards. And this part of  the population is also subject to weak social security and pension systems with hardly any old age income security. This itself is an indicator that growth potential for the insurance sector is immense . A well-developed and evolved insurance sector is needed for economic development as it  provides long term funds for  infrastructure development and  at the same time strengthens the risk  taking ability. It is estimated that over the next ten years India would require investments of the order of one trillion US dollars. The Insurance sector, to some extent, can enable investments in infrastructure development to sustain economic growth of the country. With a large capital outlay and long gestation periods, infrastructure projects are fraught with a multitude of risks throughout the development, construction and operation stages. These include risks associated with project implementation, including geological risks, maintenance, commercial and political risks. Without covering these risks the financial institutions are not willing to commit funds to the sector, especially because the financing of most private projects is on a limited or non- recourse basis. Insurance companies not only provide risk cover to nfrastructure projects, they also contribute long-term funds. In fact, insurance companies are an ideal source of long term debt and equity for infrastructure projects. With long term liability, they get a good asset- liability match by investing their funds in such  projects. IRDA regulations require insurance companies to invest not less than 15 percent of their  funds in infrastructure and social sectors. International In surance companies also invest their  funds in such projects. Insurance is a federal subject in India. There are two legislations that govern the sector-The Insurance Act- 1938 and the IRDA Act- 1999. You read "A Summer Trainng Report on Recruitment Attrition Management" in category "Papers" The Government of India liberalized the insurance sector in March 2000 with the passage of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Bill, lifting all entry restrictions for private players and allowing foreign players to enter the market with some limits on direct foreign ownership. Under  the current guidelines, there is a 26 percent equity cap for foreign partners in an insurance company. There is a proposal to increase this limit to 49 percent. Premium rates of most general insurance policies come under the purview of the government appointed Tariff Advisory Committee. The opening up of the sector is likely to lead to greater spread and deepening of insurance in India and this may also include restructuring and revitalizing of the public sector companies. A host of private insurance companies operating in both life and non-life segments have started selling their insurance policies since 2001. CHAPTER – 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIZATION Company Profile: ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company is a joint venture between ICICI Bank – one of  India’s foremost financial services companies-and prudential plc – a leading international financial services group headquartered in the United Kingdom. Total capital infusion stands at Rs. 37. 72 billion, with ICICI Bank holding a stake of 74% and Prudential plc  holding 26%. We began our operations in December 2000 after receiving approval from Insurance Regulatory Development Authority (IRDA). Today, our nation-wide team comprises of over 954 branches in addition to 1,015  micro-offices, over 296,000 advisors; and 21 banc assurance partners. ICICI Prudential was the first life insurer in India to receive a National Insurer Financial Strength rating of AAA (Ind) from Fitch ratings. For three years in a row, ICICI Prudential has  been voted as India’s Most Trusted Private Life Insurer, by The Economic Times – AC NielsenORG Marg survey of ‘Most Trusted Brands’. As we grow our distribution, product range and customer base, we continue to tirelessly uphold our commitment to deliver world-class financial solutions to customers all over  India. Company Promoters: ICICI Bank: ICICI Bank Limited  (NYSE:IBN) is India’s  largest private sector bank  and the second largest bank in the country, with consolidated total assets of $121 billion as of March 31, 2008. ICICI Bank’s subsidiaries include India’s leading private sector insurance companies and among its largest securities brokerage firms, mutual funds and private equity firms. ICICI Bank’s  presence currently spans 19 countries, including India. Prudential Plc: Established in London in 1848, Prudential plc, through its businesses in the UK, Europe, US, Asia and the Middle East, provides retail financial services products and services to more than 20 million customers, policyholder and unit holders and manages over ? 267 billion of funds worldwide (as of December 31, 2007). In Asia, Prudential is the leading European life insurance company with life operations in China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Prudential is one of the largest retail fund managers for Asian sourced assets ex-Japan. Its fund management business has expanded into ten markets, comprising of China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam and United Arab Emirates. Vision and Mission Statement: Their vision is to make ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company the dominant new insurer in the life insurance industry. This they hope to achieve through their commitment to excellence, focus on service, speed and innovation, and leveraging our technological expertise. The success of the organization will be founded on its strong focus on values and clarity of  purpose. These include: Understanding the needs of customers and offering them superior products and service  building long lasting relationships with their partners providing an enabling environment to foster growth and learning for their employees and above all building transparency in all our  dealings. They believe that they can play a significant role in redefining and reshaping the sector. Given the quality of their parentage and the commitment of their team, they feel that there will  be no limits to their growth. Board of Directors. The ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited Board comprises reputed people from the finance industry both from India and abroad. Ms. Chanda D. Kochhar, Chairperson Mr. N. S. Kannan, Director Mr. K. Ramkumar, Director Mr. Barry Stowe, Director Mr. Adrian O’Connor, Director Mr. Keki Dadiseth, Independent Director Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam, Independent Director Ms. Rama Bijapurkar, Independent Director Mr. Vinod Kumar Dhall, Independent Direct Principles and Types of Insurance: Principles of Insurance: Insurance is a ‘risk transfer mechanism’ – it transfers the financial risks of everyday life from you to an insurance company, but only in terms of the financial consequences of risk. Without insurance, if you car was damaged, it would cost you a lot of money to fix it or to buy another one. It could cost you even more to pay for compensation to someone else involved in an accident. Insurance protects  your financial  interests. It  cannot  alleviate the  emotional consequences of an accident. It cannot provide for humanitarian ideals. It can’t help you with sentimental losses. But properly used, it will protect your financial investment in your car and your legal obligations should you have an accident. Insurable Interest Before you can insure anything, you must have a legally recognised financial interest in what you are insuring. For motor insurance, you can’t take out an insurance policy on the car  driven by the latest film star in the hope that it will crash and you can claim. That is nothing more than gambling. You have no financial interest in the  well  being of the object insured and would gain by its destruction. But you can insure the car you own, or drive. You would suffer  financially if it is damaged or stolen and  benefit from its continued existence. Indemnity This word is used to describe the type of payment you would receive. A motor policy and a household policy are both a contract of indemnity. It means, subject to the terms of the contract, you are entitled to be put back in the same financial position after a loss as you were in  before the loss. In terms of a ‘new for old’ policy the measure of indemnity is agreed at the point of sale rather than the time of claim. The term is also sometime used to indicate if your insurer  will meet the claim at all. A refusal to indemnify is a refusal to pay the claim. ATTRITION It is important to understand the high attrition rate in Indian insurance sector, which stands presently around 35% taking into consideration the Recruitment and Selection of Insurance sales personnel, and various reasons behind the attrition rate are as follows: Controlling Attrition In an ideal world, employees work hard, love their job, worship their workplace, feel like a family and would never leave. But in the real world, employees quit at the drop of a hat. In today’s scenario, it is the major challenge before the insurance companies to control the high attrition rate. As the Indian insurance industry grows exponentially, companies are taking the big leap from survival strategy to competitive strategy. Hence, there is a constant thirst for the best and the brightest of employees, and the result is heavy attrition. In addition, there are several other reasons as to why employees quit. The reasons are too varied to be clubbed together, but the bottom line remains the same—it is all about money! Therefore, it is no wonder that the compensation levels in the industry are heading north. Companies are literally bidding for talent and luring away employees with attractive salaries and designations. While HR experts define it the function of demand and supply, it is a serious concern for employee retention. A Critical Issue After IT and BPO, it is now the insurance sector that is facing the issue of high attrition rates. For most HR managers, employee retention is the biggest challenge. Talent or human resource is a major asset for any company. Company Invest high amount of money for their recruitment, selection and training and what happens to company if these talents or employees leave the organization in short while seeking new opportunities. Indian Insurance Industry is one of the fastest growing knowledge based sector with annual attrition rate of around 30-35% compared to the global insurance attrition rate of 10-12% per annum. Current statistics show that higher attrition rate problem mainly exists in Marketing and R;D departments. Major reasons for high attrition rate, stated by employees during the survey are- 1. Inadequate salary or compensation plan. The immediate gain in salary package was found to be responsible for job change in 61 per cent of the cases. 2. Poor management 3. Uninteresting job 4. Lack of motivation Job Lacking Opportunity for Future Advancement Leaving company by the employee not only leads to loss of money for the company in his training and development of knowledge but it also increase the threat of information security if employee moves to rival company and loss of the business. Whenever a well-trained and well-adapted employee leaves any organization, it creates a vacuum. The organization loses key skills, knowledge and business relationships, and it is not an easy task to find a sustainable substitute. Situation is worse when it happens at a critical (decision making) position, as there is a scarcity of such technical resources in the market. Attrition directly affects the company. Recruiting and training program for employees is an expensive affair. The company has to invest a lot while recruiting an employee. Attrition is a universal phenomenon and no industry is devoid of it, but the degree fluctuates from industry to industry. Major insurance companies in India are age-old and established, having their own culture and work practices and therefore, employee turnover will be a common phenomenon in such companies. Attrition is a serious issue in the insurance industry because the industry is knowledge-based and hence employees are its â€Å"assets†. Many HR experts believe that money, though a key factor, is not the only one which makes employees quit. Attrition also happens when people hate their working conditions, do not like their team-mates or perhaps do not like what they are doing. There are also cases when people leave their job for family reasons or when they wish to migrate. Experts also believe that organizational culture has a great impact on who stays and who goes. And the culture of an organization is determined by the quality of the relationship between bosses and their subordinates. According to a popular saying, employees never leave the company, they leave their bosses. An inefficient boss creates poor work culture, which is one of the frequent reasons for quitting. Employers often fail to understand the importance of providing opportunities for development of their employees or their career growth. A conducive working atmosphere, good culture, training and career growth with adequate salary are some provisions that control attrition. Every employee comes to his organization with some aspiration. An organization is viewed as a place where employees meet their aspirations of growth and development, values of trust, teamwork and transparency. If a company respects them and their skills, realize their potential and provide them with a healthy environment to learn and grow with flexible compensation, employees take that as a strong reason to stay on. Recognizing the contribution of outstanding achievers also inspires others to try hard and put in their best. A good organizational behavior also focuses on areas like training, career development and believe in equipping workforce better on the professional front. Experts say that good organizational behavior is instrumental in extending the tenure of employees in the organization as it increases their self-esteem, confidence, morale and motivation. A substantial growth of employee’s self-esteem is as important as the concept of learning in the industry. Otherwise, experts fear that insurance organizations will meet a sorry fate as far as retention policies are concerned. Attrition is the Function of Demand and Supply The demand comes from the growth of the industry and the policy of the company. These two things decide whether there is a demand of fresher or experienced employees. On the other hand, the supply comes from the educational institutions and the market. Normally the supply from the educational institutions is enough to meet the demands of the insurance industry, there is a lack of experienced people in the industry, which in turn has created an imbalance. The imbalance is crucial to the growth of the industry. While the industry is growing, not all companies are capable of taking fresh people and groom them. Hence, the current status demands experienced people and shortage of skills or retaining existing employees pose an issue for the industry. In the current scenario, the demand of experienced and good employees is actually outstripping the supply. In such a situation, higher salary structures pose a major challenge in controlling attrition levels in the industry. Moreover, the salary growth plan is not well defined as well. All this encourages poaching by companies offering higher salaries. Though the salary is decided keeping in line with the market trends, the qualification, experience and the attitude of the individual matters. Salary or even increments are dependent very much on what kind of value adding the person is or will do in the organization. Besides, HR experts from the industry believe that out paying is not a winning tactic for companies. The organization’s reward strategy reflects its power to drive quality employees. Apart from salary, recognition of work is a healthy retention strategy. If the organization values its employees, recognizes and appreciates their skills and work, it pays. It is important to keep an eye on fast track people who are intelligent and excellent performers. Performance is a primary requirement; therefore, excellent performers should be valued. They should be identified, nurtured and provided growth opportunity. HR’s Role and Strategies in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. As the struggle for reducing employee attrition rates is intensifying, recruiters are putting renewed efforts in identifying talent, which is committed and productive. However, while everyone is competing for talent, in experts’ opinion, a hiring spree can be a blunder sometimes. Stringent recruitment process could help reduce attrition to a certain extent. An internal referral mechanism is also very useful in reducing attrition rates in companies. A thorough analysis of a candidate’s background or behavior pattern, adaptability or liking would help the organization with good resource pool and less attrition rates. Hiring slayers rather than stars is yet another strategy. According to experts, some of the most talented people often have the tendency to move on. The reason being their eagerness to climb by shifting from one company to another. Frequent job hoppers are not the ultimate gainers. They gain or earn only in terms of money but those who opt to work in one organization for long are able to learn and gain experience which pays in the long term,† An efficient HR focuses on creating a good work culture and work out different strategies in line with organizational philosophy. According to experts, HR managers must use the combination of grow th, learning opportunity and pay attention to employees’ personal needs and participation. The needs of the employees should be regularly gauged through open communication, polls and feedback mechanisms to maintain consistency in performance and high motivation levels. Insurance employers need to understand the same and deal this issue on a war footing so as to avoid loss of good employees and, also the business. This brings to the issue of recruitment and selection. If these initial steps are flawless, it also helps in reducing the attrition. SIGNIFICANCE OF RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS â€Å"Recruitment and selection refers to the chain and sequence of activities pertaining to recruitment and selection of employable candidates and job seekers for an organization†. Every enterprise, business, and entrepreneurial firm has some well defined employment and recruitment policies and hiring procedures. Importance of Recruitment is given below: Attract and encourage more and more candidates to apply in the organization. * Create a talent pool of candidates to enable the selection of best candidates for the organization. * Determine present and future requirements of the organization in conjunction with its personnel planning and job analysis activities. * Recruitment is the process which links the employers with the Increase the pool of job candidates at minimum cost. * Help increase the success rate of selection process by decreasing number of visibly under qualified or overqualified job applicants. Help reduce the probability that job applicants once recruited and selected will leave the organization only after a short period of time. * Meet the organizations legal and social obligations regarding the composition of its workforce. * Begin identifying and preparing potential job applicants who will be appropriate candidates. * Increase organization and individual effectiveness of v arious recruiting techniques and sources for all types of job applicants. Factors Governing Recruitment External Factors * Supply and demand * Unemployment rate * Labor market * Potential social Sons of soil * Image Internal Factors * Recruitment policy of the organization * Composition of temporary and part time employees. * Preference to local people even by multinationals as they understand local language. * Size of recruitment * Cost of recruiting Fig. 1: The General Recruitment Process 1. Identify vacancy 2. Prepare job description and person specification 3. Advertising the vacancy 4. Managing the response 5. Short-listing 6. Arrange interviews 7. Conducting interview and decision making. The recruitment process is immediately follow by the selection process i. . the final interviews and the decision making, conveying the decision and the appointment formalities. Recruitment and Selection are perhaps the most important tasks for an organization. Recruitment refers to the proce ss of searching and appointing prospective candidates in an organization. An organization must undertake the recruitment procedure if it wants to appoint the right people under its employment. According to Edwin B. Flippo, â€Å"Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization†. A process of finding and attracting capable applicants for employment. The process begins when new recruits are sought and ends when their applications are submitted. The result is a pool of applications from which new employees are selected†. â€Å"Recruitment is the activity that links the employers and the jobseekers†. Sources of recruitment Why Does Organization Prefer Internal Sources? * Internal recruitment can be used as a technique of motivation. Suitability of internal candidate can be judged better than the external. * Candidates as â€Å"known devils are better than unknown angels†. Employeeà ¢â‚¬â„¢s psychology needs can be met by providing an opportunity for advancement. * Employee’s economic needs can be met by providing an opportunity for advancement. * Cost of selection can be minimized. * Cost of training, induction, orientation, etc can be minimized. SELECTION PROCESS in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. The main objective of a selection procedure is to determine whether an applicant meets the qualification for a specific job, and then to choose the applicant who is most likely to perform well in that job. The entire process of selection begins with an initial screening interview and concludes with a final employment decision. When a selection policy is formulated, organizational requirement like technical and professional dimensions are kept in mind. Selecting a suitable candidate can be the biggest challenge for any organization. According to Dale Yoder – â€Å"Selection is the process in which candidates for employment are divided into 2 classes – those who are to be offered employment and those who are not. † 1) Pre Interview Screening This is generally the starting point of any employee selection process. Pre Interview screening eliminates unqualified applicants and helps save time. Applications received from various sources are scrutinized and irrelevant ones are discarded. A preliminary Interview is conducted. 2) Preliminary Interview The application of candidate whose screening is successful is found to be eligible for the preliminary interview which covers the personal as well professional details of the prospective candidate. 3) Final Interview This interview is formal in depth conversation conducted to evaluate applicant’s acceptability. 4) Medical Examination If all goes well, then at this stage, a medical examination is conducted to make sure that the candidate enjoys sound health and does not suffer from any serious ailment. 5) Checking References Most application forms include a section that requires prospective candidates to put down names of a few references. References are contacted to get a feedback on the person in question including his behavior, skills, conduct etc. 6) Job Offer A candidate who clears all the steps is finally considered right for a particular job and is presented with the job offer. An applicant can be dropped at any given stage if considered unfit for the job. Only after successfully clearing all the hurdles, an applicant can enjoy the feeling of being selected for a particular job. 7) Induction Programme New entrants after joining are given induction programme. It helps the new employee to understand and develop a sense of identification with the company and he can clearly understand his job and will be able to perform his work in good manner. HR POLICIES AND PROCEDURE HR department deals with the management of human resources. It is responsible for the creation of harmonious working relations among the participants of the organization. It effectively deals with the process of planning, directing, developing, and utilization of human resources available to the company. Personnel department basically involved with the management of personnel or human resources. Personnel management is the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the procurement, development, integration, maintenance and separation of the human resources to the end that individual, organizational and social objectives are accomplished. Recruitment Checklist of ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. * Has the vacancy been agreed by the responsible HOD? Is there up-to-date job description? * What are the conditions of employment for their vacant positions? * Has a candidate specification been prepared? * Has the manpower requisition form been submitted earlier? * Has the job advertisement been agreed? * Have the interview arrangement been made? * Have unsuitable candidates held in reserved been informed? Explanation of Recruitment Process Steps in Recruitment process are as follows: 1) Requirement Gathering: Requirement gathering starts with the job description provided by the different department. The manpower requisition forms are provided by the HR department and then filled by the respected departments. Job description contains criteria such as qualification, professional experience, designation in the organization, urgency of manpower requirement in the organization. 2) Analysis of the Requirement: It is a clear requirement with a detailed explanation. A clear understanding enables a recruiter to provide a valuable manpower to the required department in terms of giving them a right candidate that matches up their requirement and to provide a candidate with good opportunity to sharpen his skills and achieve his personal goals. ) Sourcing of CVs: In order to find the relevant profile for the job, it is very essential to search the CVs. This can be done in following ways: * Casual application from local places. * Contacts through the present employees. * Data bank * Portals, such as Naukri. com * Former employee * Campus interview. 4) Screening of CVs: This is very important step. It decides whether the CV matches the job description given by the department head. In this step the recruiter has to study the following details in deep:- †¢ Date of birth †¢ Highest qualification †¢ Experience †¢ Skills †¢ Expected salary, etc. ) Arranging the interview: After screening the CVs, the interview schedule is scheduled by the recruiter. Once the schedule is fixed, candidates are called for interview. 6) At the time of interview: Candidate is given the personal data form to fill before the interview. Personal data form covers all the in depth information of candidate. Personal data form and resume attached to it is handed over to the interviewer before an interview. Then preliminary interview and final interview is conducted. 7) Medical Checkup: Selected candidates are sent to medical checkup with pre medical checkup form. The main objective of this test is to detect whether the applicant is physically fit to perform work or not and to protect the employer from worker compensation claims. 8) Reference Check: Reference check is made for an experienced candidate. Many employer request name, contact number, address of reference for verifying the additional background information of the candidate. 9) Documentation: After the reference check is positive, candidate is called for further procedure of documentation. After documentation the candidates are provided with offer letter. 10) Induction Programme: New entrants are given induction programme. It helps the new employee to develop the sense of identification with the company. The newly entrants is given information about the major products, departments and organization, key statistics. This helps the newly joined employees to understand their work in a better way. Criteria for Recruiting a Medical Representative A Check List 1. Age It is advisable to select them young, usually between 21 and 25 years. 2. Education Depending upon the level of technical knowledge required for promoting your products you can decide on this. 3. Experience It may be advisable to select a fresh graduate with good scholastic record and extracurricular activities. Some companies prefer limited experience of a year or two in similar companies. In the case of an experienced candidate look for his accomplishment, tract record, etc. 4. Appearance A pleasing personality is always preferred. 5. Manners He / she should have good manners as he moves in a sophisticated highly educated class. 6. Voice and Expression There should be clarity of voice, modulation and grammar 7. Reactions Alertness, quickness of response. 8. Drive Ability to stimulate, enthuse others and self-assurance. . Intelligence Comprehension, reasoning ability, keenness and smartness is expected of him/her. 10. Interest Sincerity of ambitions and personal goals, interest in other people. CHAPTER – 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The core concept underlying research is its methodology. The methodology controls the study, dictates the acquisition of the data, and arranges them in lo gical relationships, sets up a means of refining the raw data, contrives an approach so that the meanings that lie below the surface of those data become manifest, and finally issue a conclusion or series of conclusions that lead to an expansion of knowledge. The entire process is a unified effort as well as an appreciation of its component parts. According to J. W. B. est, â€Å"Research is considered to be formal, systematic, intensive process of carrying on the scientific method of analysis. It involves a more systematic structure of investigation usually resulting in some sort of formal record of procedures and report of result or conclusions. † According to P. M. Cook, â€Å"Research is an honest, exhaustive, intelligent searching for facts and their meanings or implications with reference to a given problem. It is the process of arriving at dependable solutions to problem through planned and systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data. The best research is that which is reliable, verifiable and exhaustive so that it provides information in which we have confidence. † 3. 1 Title of the Study: Recruitment and Attrition Management 3. 2 Duration of the Project: 2 Months (25th June to 24th August) 3. 3 Objective of the study The objectives of the study are as follows: * To understand the concept and mechanism of insurance. * To have an overall view of the Recruitment Process in a leading private sector company. To get a firsthand knowledge as regards to the proper implementation of the extent Recruitment Policies in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE and its preparedness to meet the new challenges in the area of Recruitment. * To review the Human Resource Policies of ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE and compare with them Human Resource philosophy given in the literature. * To observe any legal requirement which apply to the recruitment and selection process. * To get familiar with the organization. * Getting practical experience regarding the organizational function. To learn about the policies and functions of the organization. * To understand the culture in the organization and its effect on employees. * To get industrial exposure and experience. 3. 4 Type of the Research To get complete knowledge about the recruitment and selection activities information are gathered on the basis of both primary and secondary sources. PRIMARY DATA : Primary data are those which are a fresh and for the first time and thus happen to be original in character. Primary data were collected by direct interview with the authorities and staffs and by observation and participation. SECONDARY DATA : Secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else and which have been passed through the statistical process. Secondary data were collected from various records kept in departments, company profiles, magazines and websites. 3. 5 Sample size and Method of selecting sample SAMPLING SIZE: 100 It means how many people to survey. SAMPLING UNIT: The researcher must define the target population that will be surveyed the sampling unit for my survey is wholesalers, retailers, masons, contractor and consumer of Rajasthan State. SAMPLING PROCEDURE: RANDOM SAMPLING Due to the time limitation and lack of sufficient knowledge I confined my study till random sampling. 3. 6 Scope of the Study Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for job in the organization. Recruitment is a positive process of searching for prospective employees, whereas selection is a negative process because it involves rejection of unsuitable candidates. Today the scope of the recruitment is very broad. The scope of the recruitment at ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. enerally covers the following steps: – * Enhancement of productivity. * Quality manpower. * Committed job assignment. * Development of teamwork. * Better utilization of existing manpower 3. 7 Limitation of the Study The present research work is undertaken to maximize objectivity and minimize the errors. However, there are certain limitations of the study, which are to be taken in to consideration for the present research work. * The study was conducted only for the performance of Insurance advisors, Adayar branch Chennai city. It may not be suitable for other organizational employees. The advisor’s behavior may not be same in other branches in Chennai city or country, because of the difference in their performance, target, motivation, attitude, approaches with customers, culture, and working environment etc. * The research was done based on the details provided by the 70 advisors; the conclusion derived may not be wholly applicable to all branches in the city. The study is conducted with the help of the database provided by the Unit manager. * As the target population is large and due to the time constraint, convenience sampling technique was used to select the respondent. Chapter-4 FACTS AND FINDINGS Majority of the respondents believed that larger risk coverage of their policy was the main feature that attracted them to buy that policy, low premium was the next important feature. * ICICI Prudential is the largest private player in the insurance  industry in India. * Due to the increasing concern of people towards their health/life the life insurance  business has good prospects. * There are few short term plans which are not known to the  public. * Company has high policy charges which are not affordable by the lower middle and lower class people. * Out of total population of 1 billion of country, only 22% have insurance cover. So we can say that there is still large potential for both the public and private companies. Private companies have to give varied customized product to compete with the LIC which is holding about 97% of the total market. CHAPTER-5 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 1. What is the biggest benefit of life insurance? SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| 1| Security| 40| 80| 2| commission| 5| 10| 3| Protection of wealth| 5| 10| 4| all| 0| 0| total| | 50| 100| Analysis: Interpretation: The above graph shows that the biggest benefit of life insurance is security with 80% and the next two shows the equal % that is 10% benefit ) Is there any performance incentives? SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| 1| yes| 47| 94| 2| no| 3| 6| total| | 50| 100| Analysis: Interpretation: The above graph shows the performance incentives are 100% given in the company. 3) How do you recruit employees in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.? SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| 1| References| 3| 6| 2| Advertisements| 5| 10| 3| Consultancy| 35| 70| 4| Walk-ins| 7| 14| total| | 50| 100| ANALYSIS: INTERPRETATION: The hiring process in this company is done by consultancy of 35 respondents and next is through walk-ins. ) How frequently you recruit employees? SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| 1| 6 months| 5| 10| 2| 1 year| 0| 0| 3| 3 months| 5| 10| 4| Every month| 40| 80| total| | 50| 100| ANALYSIS: INTERPRETATION: In this company the employees are recruited frequently for every month for this the respondents are 80%, after this 3 months and 6 months are 20%. 5) What is the range on scale of getting maximum ; good quality profiles? SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| 1| Average| 35| 70| 2| Good | 10| 20| 3| Very good| 5| 10| 4| excellent| 0| 0| total| | 50| 100| ANALYSIS: INTERPRETATION: The above graph shows that the range of getting good quality profiles are average are 70%,and good are 20% and very good is shown by 10%. So no excellent are there. 6) Under what criteria do you consider while screening the profile? SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| 1| Age | 5| 10| 2| Qualification| 7| 14| 3| Work experience| 38| 76| 4| References if any| 0| 0| total| | 50| 100| ANALYSIS: INTERPRETATION: The above graph shows while screening the profile work experience is given more importance by 76%, and next by qualification by 14%. ) What is the % of candidates who clear the aptitude test? SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| 1| 100| 0| 0| 2| 70| 10| 20| 3| 80| 35| 70| 4| 50| 5| 10| total| | 50| 100| ANALYSIS: INTERPRETATION: The above graph shows the % of 70% of the candidates clear the aptitude test. 8) Do you normally provide training skill development to new recruits? SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| 1| ye s| 42| 84| 2| no| 8| 16| total| | 50| 100| ANALYSIS: INTERPRETATION: The above graph shows the training provided to new recruits is yes by 84% and no by 16%. So training is provided to some extent. 9) How many steps include in selection process? SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| 1| 5| 7| 14| 2| 6| 0| 0| 3| 8| 0| 0| 4| 4| 43| 86| total| | 50| 100| ANALYSIS: INTERPRETATION: The above graph shows the selection processes include mostly 4 and sometimes 5 in this it show 86% include 4 steps. 10) After selection of candidates what is the time for offer release? SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| 1| Same day| 0| 0| 2| 3-5 days| 37| 74| 3| 1-2 days| 10| 20| 4| 7 days| 3| 6| total| | 50| 100| ANALYSIS: INTERPRETATION: The above graph shows after selection the offer letter is given to the selected candidate in 3-5 days and if the candidate is good then 1-2 days 11) What is the employment rate in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE in a year? SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| 1| 70 | 5| 10| 2| 80| 35| 70| 3| 90| 10| 20| 4| 100| 0| 0| total| | 50| 100| Analysis: INTERPRETATION: The above graph shows the employment rate in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANE is 70% in a year and 35 are accepted. 12) What is the experience required for HR position in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE? SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| | 3 years| 5| 10| 2| 4 years| 15| 30| 3| 2 years| 0| 0| 4| 5 years| 30| 60| total| | 50| 100| ANALYSIS: INTERPRETATION: The experience required for HR position in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. is 5 years and accepted by 30 members. 13) What is attrition rate in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE? (No. of employees leaving the company in a year) SL. NO| RESPONSE| NO OF RESPONDENTS| PECENTAGE %| 1| 50| 40| 80| 2| 60| 10| 20| 3| 80| 0| 0| 4| 30| 0| 0| total| | 50| 100| ANALYSIS: INTERPRETATION: The attrition rate in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE is 50%, and accepted by 40 members. CHAPTER-6 SWOT ANALYSIS S. W. O. T Analysis of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance: Strength: * ICICI Prudential is one of the largest financial institutions of India. * Money power, which makes them ignorant about the gestation period. * Motivation factors provided by the Company. * Service quality, which is the crux of their mission. * A huge data base of corporate clients, retail customer, and bank customersof ICICI. * Highest paid up capital deposited  in IRDA, in comparison to all players. * Training provided to all people associating with ICICI Prudential. Weakness: * High targets for financial advisors and for the sales  departments. Many competitors in the market offer same product by the title difference in the premium and offerings. * Very huge premium of policies. * Problematic to advisors also. * Sustainable to risk associated with investments in money market. Opportunities: * Health insurance and pension schemes, an estimated market potential of  approximately $15 billion. * Tie up with more cor porate agents all over India. And Tie up with broker  (agent) also. * Strong brand of company helps  to boost sales in market. * Attract more people of providing customer centric products. Threats: * Players like Bajaj and Birla Sun  life with low premium for the similar  plans. People are not aware of different distribution channels. * Threat from existing insurance players. * Threat from new entrants. * Changes in the policy of IRDA. CHAPTER-7 CONCLUSION Over the last few decades companies have increasingly begun to realize the importance of customer satisfaction. Where trading environments have become saturated and customers increasingly hard to come by, customer retention has become imperative as the customer-to-business level in the Indian context; the disconfirmation paradigm is still the predominant paradigm influencing the customer satisfaction process. As it is pivotal in this competitive era of globalization as every player in this banking industry is making various efforts to increase its pie share or if no increase at least maintains their market share. In relation to the primary research analysis undertook by me, inference can be portrayed that people are incline towards the LIC as they find them more reliable and they also prefer because of their long term relationship with the customer segment. So last we can say that for the insurance sector to succeed they must pay close attention to the revealed choice criteria of the customer in their decision making activity. Therefore customer relationship management programs must be designed to keep the customers intact that includes aligning product and service offerings with customer needs can only be achieved when sufficient knowledge of customer requirement has been captured. Thus accurately understanding the customer’s need is the most important step towards achieving customer satisfaction. CHAPTER-8 RECOMMENDATION AND SUGGESTON There are some recommendations: Open some more branches in semi urban and rural area: ICICI Prudential has almost its branches in urban area or  metros. So in order to increase the no. f customer, ICICI Prudential should increase the approach towards potential customers. For that it has to increase the branches in the semi urban cities like C, D grade  cities. And the rural marketing is the best option for  ICICI Prudential to increase its base in the market. Improve customer services: In order to take the advantage of being industry leader in private sector, I CICI Prudential has to improve its customer services. According to my experience in the company, a good number of customers forget to pay their premium at time so it causes a big loss to the company. ICICI Prudential has already collaborated with the ICICI bank for its Banc assurance facility and then  can include another feature in it. ICICI bank can offer a bank  account with the life insurance policy in which an ATM card will be  provided. This card will have  all the information regarding the policy as like future premium payment dates, payment made, money value of  the policy at that date, value of the unit linked plan and  all other information what the customer want. This will help the customer to pay premium on  time and save their losses. This will be mutually helpful for both sister companies, ICICI bank  will get new account and  ICICI prudential will be able to more efficient services to their customers. Bring some unit linked life insurance plans in the market. Being a market leader doesn’t ensure the leadership in the future. Since after  increment in FDI from 26% to 49%  all player will have the opportunity to capture the market share. So in order to maintain its position ICICI Prudential should-Introduce some new market linked insurance plan, which will give a competitive advantage to the ICICI Prudential against its competitors. Trained the financial advisors more efficiently: In the changed scenario, more  efficient training will be needed, so ICICI Prudential should provide good and efficient training to their financial advisors. Because they are the one  who interact directly with the customers. So good training will give them the right way to deal  with the potential customers. Suggestions * LIC ; ICICI Prudential should work upon building good reputation of its brand as good reputation has direct effect on purchase of insurance product. LIC ; ICICI Prudential should work upon raising the awareness of the product and give more option and provide transparency so as to make selling of its product easier. * Advertising of the insurance product should stress on the need of security. * Insurance should be popularized as the means of securing future rather than saving tax. * Policies should be issued quickly and with less formality. * Other services should be provided. * Reference group are the most effe ctive medium of advertising insurance. CHAPTER-9 APPENDIX QUESTIONNAIRE 1. What is the biggest benefit of life insurance? A) Security B) commission C) protection of wealth D) all 2. Is there any performance incentives? A) Yes B) No 3. How frequently you recruit employees? A) 6 months B) 1 Year C) 3 months D) Every month 4. How do you recruit them? A) References B) Advertisements C) Consultancy D) Walk-ins 5. What is the range on scale of getting maximum ; good quality profiles? A) Average B) Good C) Very Good D) Excellent 6. Under what criteria do you consider while screening profile? A) Age B) Qualification C) Work Experience D) References if any 7. What is the % of candidates who clear the aptitude test? A) 10% B) 20% C) 30% D) 50% 8. Do you normally provide training skill development to new recruits? A) Yes B) No 9. If yes do you send your employees for external training? A) Training institutes B) workshops C) seminars D) none 10. How many steps include selection steps? A) 5 B) 6 C) 8 D) 4 11. On what skill sets candidates are selected in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.? A) Qualifications B) Capabilities C) Soft skills D) All the above 12. After selection of candidates what is the time for offer release? A) Same day B) 3-5 days C) 1-2 days D) 7 days 13. How do you evaluate a candidate in his/her HR interview? A) Aptitude B) Qualification C) Communication skills D) All 14. What is the experience required for HR position in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.? A) 3 Years B) 4 Years C) 2 Years D) 5 Years 15. What is the attrition rate in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO? (Number of employees leaving the company in a year) A) 30% B) 40% C) 20% D) 10% 16. What are the top reasons for any improvement in attrition? Ans. 1. Skills Development 2. Communication 3. Promotion/Progress . Management Style 5. Work-Life Balance CHAPTER-10 BIBILOGRAPHY 1. ICFAI Human Resource Management – ICFAI University Press. 2. Gary Dessler, Human Resource Management- PHI Pvt. Ltd. , 2005. 3. G. C. Beri, Marketing Research- Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited 4. Udai Parrek and T. Venkateshwara Rao, Designing and Managing Human Resource system, Oxford ; IBH publishing co. Pvt. Ltd. , 2003. 5. K. Aswathappa, Human Resource and Personnel Management, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2005. * http://www. iciciprulife. com * http://www. google. com * http://www. wikipedia. com How to cite A Summer Trainng Report on Recruitment Attrition Management, Papers

Textbooks and books are here to stay Essays - Education, Technology

Textbooks and books are here to stay Publishing for the K-12 school market is an $8 billion industry, with three companies - McGraw-Hill, Pearson, and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt - capturing about 85% of this market. Tablets are a $72 billion industry with 42% of US adults owning a tablet. As tablets have become more prevalent, a new debate has formed over whether K-12 school districts should switch from print textbooks to digital textbooks on tablets. Although it is true and inevitable that Tablets help students better prepare for a world immersed in technology, there are numerous reasons installing tablets in K-12 schools is not very practical. Tablets are expensive, too distracting for students, easy to break, and costly/time-consuming to fix. Tablets also contribute to eyestrain, headaches, and blurred vision, increase the excuses available for students not doing their homework, require costly Wi-Fi networks, and become quickly outdated as new technologies are released. Handheld technological devices including tablets are associated with a range of health problems. Handhelds contribute to Computer Vision Syndrome, which causes eyestrain, headaches, blurred vision, and dry eyes, according to the American Optometric Association. People who use mobile devices more often have a higher incidence of musculoskeletal disorders associated with repetitive strain on muscles, including carpal tunnel syndrome, neck pain (text neck), shoulder pain, and fibromyalgia (Lin) (Fishman). In addition, manufacturing tablets is environmentally destructive and dangerous to human health. According to the New York Times, the adverse health impacts from making one e-reader are estimated to be 70 times greater than those from making a single book. One tablet requires the extraction of 33 pounds of minerals, 79 gallons of water, and 100 kilowatt hours of fossil fuels resulting in 66 pounds of carbon dioxide. Print books produce 100 times fewer greenhouse gases. Two gallons of water are required to make the pulp slurry that is pressed and heat-dried to make paper, and only two kilowatt hours are required to form and dry the sheets of paper (Goleman and Norris). Using tablets is also a significantly more expensive than using print textbooks. Implementing tablets in K-12 schools requires purchasing hardware (the tablet) and software (the textbooks), building new wi-fi infrastructure, and training teachers and administrators how to use the technology. Implementation costs for e-textbooks on iPad tablets are 552% higher than new print textbooks in an average high school. Lee Wilson, a prominent education marketing expert, estimated the annual cost per student per class with tablets to be $71.55 vs. $14.26 for print textbooks (Wilson). The higher cost of tablets also marginalizes poorer school districts and increases the digital divide. Rich school districts can afford to implement e-textbooks on tablets, while poor school districts cannot. Low income schools are less likely to implement an e-textbook program than to pay for teachers or basic classroom supplies. Even if we overlook the installation costs, there are still other finan cial hurdles to think about. Many students do not have sufficient home internet bandwidth to use tablets. Students need home broadband to access digital content and to complete Internet based homework, according to FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski and Secretary of Education Arne Duncan, but about a third of Americans - 100 million people - do not have broadband internet at home ( Digital Textbook Playbook"). A 2010 FCC survey found that nearly 80% of K-12 schools reported broadband connections that were inadequate to meet their current needs (Fletcher, Schaffhauser, and Levin). As if purchasing and setting up tablets wasn't expensive enough, there is also a huge hidden maintenance fee that comes along with every tablet. A broken tablet requires an experienced technician to fix, which can be costly and time-consuming. On the other hand, textbooks can usually be repaired with basic supplies such as glue or tape. Another setback that comes with digital learning is technical difficulties. Print textbooks cannot crash, freeze, or get hacked. Unlike tablets, there is no chance of getting malware, spyware, or having personal information stolen from a print textbook. The average battery life of a tablet is 7.26 hours, shorter than the length of a school day. Tablets constantly need charging, increasing electricity demands on schools and the need for new electrical outlets ( What Is the

Economic Transformation in India Essay Example

Economic Transformation in India Essay Example Economic Transformation in India Essay Economic Transformation in India Essay Economic Transformation in India Name: Institution: Economic Transformation in India The economy is the most significant factor of the era. The chapter has highlighted different economic achievements of the country. The different regimes have instilled different measures to liberate the country’s economy. Nehru grew the home industries and encouraged consumption of domestic goods by imposing high import taxes, which discouraged foreign goods. The development of a five-year plan helped in growing different sectors of the economy such as agriculture and manufacturing. Rajiv Gandhi did away with the bureaucratic controls, which were a burden to many people, and this helped in growing the economy because it enabled the creation of industries and other sectors in rural areas. The country has sometimes failed in its economic efforts, and it has sought the assistance of foreign governments. The launch of the Indian stock exchange led to more growth in the economy because it contributed to an increase in the number of investors. The second factor I would rate as the most notable is society. The society has changed because of the changes experienced in the economy. People who once lived in poverty and could not afford to pave their way through life have a new lease of life. The economy has a major impact on people and the society because of its ability to transform. When there are greater opportunities in the economy, the people realize more job and employment opportunities. They are able to change their lives by starting jobs and hiring people, and by introducing new concepts within the society. A positive economic shift enables people to have new experiences and change their societies based on what they have learnt. It introduces people to new things and new methods of doing things, and this affects the society in a positive manner. These factors would have affected people’s daily lives in different ways. Those who were poor and had nothing to eat, to wear or a place to stay would have had a chance to get these things and change their lives. The economic growth experienced in the country has changed people’s lives. People have new opportunities, and they are able to access services that were once thought to be a privilege for the few. People’s future is no longer determined by the castes they belong to, which tended to dictate people’s lives in the past. A person belonging to the lower caste had few opportunities to have a better life. However, with increased exposure and hard work, people are now able to make economic changes in their lives. They are able to change their lives and the lives of other people belonging in the lower castes. If I were to write a historical novel, the character that would represent this era best would be a poor man belonging to the untouchables or to the lowest castes. This person would have limited opportunities to make any meaningful difference in his life. He would come from a family where he has both parents, yet they are many children within the family. By using such a character, it would be possible to see the rapid transformation of this character. The economic growth in the country and the economic transformations, which led to the opening up of closed areas, would give such a person the chance to work hard and to struggle through life, with the hope and possibility of becoming successful. Without the possibilities realized by economic transformation, it would not be possible for that person to have any hope for the future, regardless of how hard the person worked. References Giridharadas, A. (2010, Dec 30). The caste buster. The New York Times. Retrieved from nytimes.com/2011/01/02/magazine/02Striver-t.html?scp=2sq=anand%20giridharadasst=cse_r=0 Kapur, A. (2011, Jan 5). The success of ordinary Indians. The New York Times. Retrieved from nytimes.com/2011/01/06/world/asia/06iht-letter06.html Stein, B. (2010). A history of India, 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.

ONE FOOT IN FRONT OF THE OTHER

ONE FOOT IN FRONT OF THE OTHER Finding time to write is hard, but you do it. Improving your writing is time consuming, but you manage. Its hard to find critiquers for your work, but you keep searching until you do. You never think youll find a publisher, but its doable. Then you hold a book in your hand, and you beam with happiness. Youve done it, and you want to whoop your achievement to the world. Friends pat you on the back and others email you with congrats. And the hard part hasnt started. Promotion is harder than all that combined. Surely she jests, I hear you say. Nope. Im serious as a heart attack. In all my years of writing, editing, researching, and building a platform, Ive never run into anything as frustrating as promoting a book. Ive been tossed Ive had my magical moments of selling 20 books in one night. Ive had my down evenings where I doubted what I was doing trying to establish myself as an author. Then I always tell myself that each and every author was a nobody before he became somebody. He sold one book at a time, hoping whoever bought it would spread the word until books sold he wasnt even aware of, the number adding up until he realized the hellacious journey he traveled over the years was finally beginning to show results. You dont see success coming. It just shows up one day, asking you to let it in . . . unless you quit along the way. Then it goes and knocks on somebody elses door.

Multiple Regression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multiple Regression - Essay Example We use a State-wide data set that includes a record of property crimes rates (CRIMES) as well as a record on per capita income (PINCOME), school dropout rates (DROPOUT), precipitation amounts (PRECIP), percentage of public aid recipients (PUBAID), population density (DENSITY), public aid for families with kids in terms of dollars received (KIDS), percentage of unemployed workers (UNEMPLOY), percentage of population living in urban areas. The methodology that we use is that of multiple regression analysis to obtain the magnitude and signs of the coefficients and t and F-tests obtain whether the respective coefficients are significant, individually, or jointly. The regression equation we estimate is the following: (1) Results In this section we present the results of the analysis. Table 1 presents the results of the estimation of equation (1). Table 1: Results of simple OLS regression, all variables included Before interpreting the coefficients we look at the individual and joint signi ficances of the estimated coefficients. From the upper right hand panel we find that F(8, 41) = 11.43 and prob>F =0.000. Recall that the null hypothesis of the f-test is that all coefficients are jointly zero. From the computed statistic and the associated p-value we reject the null hypothesis. Thus, at least one of the parameters is non-zero. Now, from the lower panel in table 1 looking at the 3rd column (t-values) and the 4th column (p values) we can identify which coefficients are significantly different from zero. The null hypothesis of the t-test is that the coefficient in question is equal to zero while the alternative hypothesis is that it is non-zero. Recall that the 5% critical value for the two-sided t-test is 1.96. Looking at the elements from column 3 and 4, we find that only the variables DROPOUT, DENSITY and and URBAN are associated with coefficients that are statistically significantly different from zero. We fail to find evidence in the data that suggests that the nu ll hypothesis is false for the rest of the coefficients as well as the intercept. The upper right hand corner also presents the R-squared and the adjusted R-squared values which show that the fit is decent (anything greater than 50% on these scales is considered decent). In table 2 below, we take a look at whether our results may have been affected by the presence of multi-collnearity. The t-tests of significance showed that there were two significant coefficients and this was further confirmed by the f-test. If multicollinearity is present to any worrisome degree, typically, although the f-test rejects the null, we fail to identify any statistically significant coefficients in the t-test. Thus, there is little evidence of multi-collinearity. Additionally, we also look at the VIFs in table 2 below. Observe that the mean VIF is only 2.46 and the VIF for PINCOME is a bit large (although significantly smaller than 10, the standard indicator of severe and worrisome multicollinearity). T able 2: Testing for presence of multi-colinearity, VIFs Now, we rerun the regression incorporating only the significant variables in the specification. The model is specified as follows: The results of this regression are presented in table 3. Table 3: Results of OLS estimation including only the significant variables Observe first from the table above that the signs and the significances of the included variables remain the same. That is

Key Messaging Template for clients audience clientfamily connections Research Paper

Key Messaging Template for clients audience clientfamily connections LCC - Research Paper Example However, any protection should not obscure the main objective, which should be to ensure the safety and positive development of children at all levels (Partland, 2012). The love and natural instinct you have for your children should not be limited to your control alone. There are many other entities like childcare providers, concerned citizens, and the government that are keen to help you provide the best for your children. Childcare is a challenging job that requires the utmost dedication, passion, and commitment. You can collaborate with us so that we support each other in our duties. Such collaboration can include providing feedback and insights on training, and actively participating in the training of childcare employees. You are encouraged to identify areas of weaknesses in training and to propose remedial measures to improve the quality and effectiveness of our services (Family Connections, 2015c). You can also contribute financially to the provision of childcare services and therefore ensure that your children receive the best care possible. Finally, parents who are knowledgeable in childcare (e.g., nurses and developmental psychologists) are encouraged to apply for training positions in our organizations so that you improve the overall level of services. Childcare services are often funded by the government, the private sector, or donors. Of the three, donors have been identified as having the greatest potential to improve childcare services. This is evident in their level of commitment to and focus on, quality and effective childcare services. When it comes to training of childcare services, you have numerous avenues through which you can impact childcare services (Family Connections, 2015b). First, you can provide more funds to governments and the private sector to facilitate the expansion and enhancement of training activities. You can also fund childcare providers directly instead of using intermediaries like the government

Needs Analysis in Syllabus Design

Needs Analysis in Syllabus Design Thank you for choosing our Language centre as one of your prospective providers. In this envelop you will find what you have requested from us. An essay with the explanation of Needs Analysis and Syllabus design in TESOL, and a description and rationale of the syllabus items for the two weeks course. We hope that you will be satisfied with the work we have produced. We would be very happy if we had the chance to collaborate with you. Part A: Needs Analysis: Needs analysis procedure in language teaching was first introduced and used by Michael West in 1920, but then re-emerged during 1970 as a result of intensive studies conducted by the council of Europe team. Needs analysis was developed and was emphasized in ESP (English for Specific Purposes) and it is argued that it is not possible to specify the needs of general English learners. Hutchinson and Walters (1987) describe need analysis as the most characteristic feature of English for Specific Purposes course design. It is also notable that a needs analysis is the starting point for a syllabus/course design. It is a part of a curriculum development, and is required before developing a syllabus. Thus, the information gathered from a need analysis can be used to define the program goals or sometimes to select the most relevant material for the language syllabus. Johnson K. (2008, pg.200) points out that: in order to plan a foreign language teaching we need to find a way of analysing learners needs. What is going to tell us just how much, and for what purposes our learners will need which foreign languages, it is the process of needs analysis. Needs Analysis in language teaching and language programme design, can be defined as a systematic process which helps teachers to collect information and get an accurate and complete picture of their students needs and preferences. Then they interpret the information collected and they make decisions about what to include in their programme, based on the interpretations in order to meet the students needs. This process can be used in response to the academic needs of all the students, for improving their achievements and meeting challenged academic standards. However, this process sometimes does not involve looking at the learners individual needs, but may involve looking at the requirements and expectations of other members involved, such as employees, parents, teachers and financial supporters. Some probable resources for gathering information are: questionnaires, surveys, tests, observations and individual interviews. Generally a need analysis tries to get information on the situations in which a language is going to be used, the purposes for which that language is needed, the types of communication that are going to be used in the course and the level of proficiency that is required to develop a syllabus. If a need analysis is used as a current part of teaching, it helps learners to reflect on their learning, to identify their needs, but also control their learning. Additionally, as Amie M. Casper (2003) states: The information gleaned from a need analysis can be used to help you define program goals. These goals can be stated as specific teaching objectives, which will function as the foundation on which a teacher will develop the lesson plans, materials, tests, assignments and activities. Thus, a need analysis helps you to elucidate the purposes of your learning program. Syllabus design in TESOL: All professional people, who are labelled as teachers or are somehow related to language teaching, sometimes in their career path will be responsible of creating a syllabus or at least they have created one. Basically, syllabus design is a key component of their course preparation. To start with, syllabus is defined as a statement of content, denoting what a particular programme is going to cover (Richards et al. 1985, qtd in Johnson K. 2008, pg.215), which means that a syllabus design involves planning course content. David Nunan (1988, pg.8) comments on syllabus design by stating that: A traditional syllabus design has been seen as a subsidiary component of the curriculum design. Curriculum is concerned with the planning implementation, evaluation management and administration of education programs, whereas syllabus focuses more narrowly on the selection and grading of context. Syllabus design procedures are required for deciding what is going to be taught in a language programme. A basic step prior to syllabus design is need analysis. Knowing exactly what to your students want, and why they want to learn English is a basic feature in a syllabus design. Generally, a right syllabus is designed into manageable chunks that can be followed and interact into each other. It is important that the effectiveness of the teachers class will be largely depending on how the lessons develop over time. Then, the teacher has to decide the content of his syllabus. He needs to make sure what to include in the syllabus so that it is relevant to what the students need. When it comes to organize the syllabus, the teacher designs his syllabus based on his list of prioritized topics or areas of his study. He has to make sure that his selected topics build up on others, but also that he uses a broad variety of resources and activities. Furthermore, the teacher has to be sure on which of the four skills (listening, speaking, writing, reading) to focus on, and which ones are the most important for his students. As you have read above, there have been identified three main stages in the process of a language syllabus. The first one is the needs analysis, then content specification and then syllabus organisation. There are two approaches to syllabus design. Product approach and process approach. Most syllabuses are based on product approach. In the product approach the teacher, teaches the students and then he tests them in order to evaluate them (evaluate their performance). A product syllabus focuses on what is going to be learnt at the end of the learning process (the outcomes) rather than the process itself. Some product-oriented syllabuses are the following: the grammatical syllabus, the functional syllabus and the lexical syllabus. On the other hand, a process approach on a syllabus concentrates on the skills and the processes which are involved in the learning process. There are different types of syllabuses in TESOL and they are the following: the situational, structural, topical, functional, notional, skills-based, and task based and lexical syllabus. Part B: Description and rational of the syllabus items: Having considered your needs, we have concluded to a relevant model of a syllabus designed especially for you. Obviously, what you are seeking for is the education of your receptionists for a better communication with your guests. Thus we are going to teach them those parts of English that are most relevant to them. Our organising principle for the selection and grading of what is going to be taught in this two-week course are notional-functional categories. We have decided to take communicative categories as the main principle of our syllabus. Thus this specific course is based on a notional/functional syllabus as it is the most relevant type of syllabus for this purpose. This program needs to be practical and relevant to your receptionists jobs. They need to learn how to use language under those several situations they face every day. The communicative functions were very carefully selected and sequenced according their usefulness to the receptionist and the extent to which they will meet the receptionists communicative needs. The syllabus is organised under the context hotel, which then is divided under a general heading (at the reception desk), with subheadings for specific activities. Within each situation, your receptionists will learn about aspects of that situation, and what language to use in order to communicate with the guests. We have ordered functions according to a chronological sequence because we think is more relevant to base the syllabus on the sequence of each action (what happens first, second, etc.), rather than grading them based on the associated language or grammar, as we are going to teach them how to use the relevant language under each situation. Hotel: At the reception desk: Greeting the guests/Giving visitors a friendly welcome Booking a room Giving/asking information Check-in Giving advise/ making suggestions Dealing with complaints check-out The situations listed in the syllabus are going to be practised through several of activities which will help your receptionists to develop and practise their abilities to communicate more effectively in a variety of real-life situations required in their work. The assumption that the receptionists already know the grammar has been a basic reason for starting this notional/functional syllabus, because what they need the most is to enhance their communicative skills when using language. Teaching based on this syllabus will add a communicative dimension to their already existing knowledge. We are going to activate this knowledge so that they will use it in order to do things with language (communicate better and learn functions of language under the context hotel). Generally, a notion is a particular context in which people communicate. A function is a specific purpose for a speaker in that given context. In this syllabus the notion of working in a hotel, requires a numerous of functions, such as greeting the guests, giving/ asking information, making suggestions, dealing with complaints etc. Thus, the syllabus items are focused on how the receptionists use English, in which purposes they use it and what exactly they need to learn in order to communicate more effectively with the hotel guests. The syllabus items, based on the contextualised exercises will give your receptionists the chance to improve and enhance their communicative abilities through those numerous functions of language we are going to teach them. The main reason for including those situations in the syllabus is because those are the most important situations in which a typical receptionist will take part in, and thus they need to work and practise their communicative abilities, but also they need to know what function of language to use under each situation. This is going to be done under several activities designed especially for this course. We think that the receptionists need to work their listening and speaking skills, as they are the most important skills they use in their work. Speaking skills are very important and they will be practised through role-plays between the students and the teacher. Listening skills will be practised through listening real life conversations, and then by completing activities related to the situations. It is important that effective speaking depends on successful listening. We decided to work on the other skills too, but the main emphasis will be given on listening and speaking skills. Relevant vocabulary, grammar rules and structures, but also pronunciation will be integrated in each situation. Your receptionists will be given the opportunity to practise their skills in real life situations involving authentic language use. Based on each situation, we have produced some exercises that present relevant instances of language. Vocabulary, grammar and functions derive from the situations selected. However, prior each situation we will teach them the appropriate grammar, vocabulary and structures of language they need to know. Under each situation, the receptionists will practise different functions of language. For example, when greeting visitors they will learn and practise relevant language on how to use language in order to greet their guests. This is also going to be done through listening several of greetings, based on real situations taking place in a hotel and produced by different people. We will give them the chance to practise listening comprehension through different listening activities. The receptionists must complete the comprehensions exercises in order to evaluate their understanding. Also, after or before a situation, students will be divided into groups and they will be given different scenarios in where they have to practise the topic they are given. Some scenarios examples based on greetings, are the following: Greet two guests as they approach the reception ( guests are an elderly couple) Greet two guests as they enter the hotel (these guests are very tired) Greet two guests as they enter the hotel ( these guests are very famous people) Greet the guests as they enter the hotel (A family with two young children) In this way, such a combination of elements will be associated with a fairly predictable language in terms of lexis, structure and function/interaction. Each situation they are going to listen to or practise it orally, will have a different structure, function and lexical items (taught prior each situation). Thus, all syllabus items are organised in a way which will be closely linked to a practical activity or task that the receptionist may have to undertake during their work. By the end of this course your receptionists will be able to communicate better under several situations, and they will also improve their communicative abilities.